As others have pointed out, there has been a lot of recent progress in bringing satellite connectivity to mainstream cellphones.
Previously, this required specialized devices with unique antennas, operating at different powers, on different frequencies, and would typically require line of site to the sky.
Absent a major technological development, currently extant cellular phones physically lack the hardware to connect to a satellite. There is no over the air update which could change that.
Apple has very recently announced that some high end editions of their latest iPhones will allow for *very limited* satellite connectivity - basically the ability to send text messages in emergency circumstances - they won't allow for phone calls or wifi hotspot data via satellite. Perhaps in a few years, but not yet. I have no doubt that a few android handset manufacturers will soon offer a similar service.
Amtrak trains which offer wifi derive their connection from the ordinary cellular network - so if your phone is out of coverage range, so too will the train's wifi system.
If you have an essential business need (or simply a desire and sufficiently deep wallet), you could look at a device like this:
https://satellitephonestore.com/catalog/sale/details/iridium-go-252
(I have no affiliation with this site, though I do own one of these devices).
As long as it can "see the sky" (placing it by a window works) it will create a wifi hotspot and reach the outside world via satellite.
The speeds are modest - you can check email and do light web browsing, but it absolutely won't handle things like gaming, streaming video, or zoom calls.