is there a rule or law too how long the engineer can drive the train. lets say for the SWC he drives it from Chicago to ABQ which is a service stop which means driving it through the night over 12 hours. is that possible or do they change drivers more often then that. I know for short routes like the wolverine Pontiac to Chicago he drives it all the way sense its only 6 hours
Yes. Federal law (the Hours of Service Act, to be precise) prevents railroad crews from working more than twelve consecutive hours. At the twelve-hour mark, the train crew must stop the train. If a railroad crew is forced to work longer than twelve hours, the railroad is subject to a fairly hefty fine by the FRA.
Also, after a shift of any length up to 11 hours and 59 minutes, crew members must be given a minimum of eight hours off. After a shift of 12 hours (or more, if they exceed their hours of service), they must receive a minimum of 10 hours off.
Due to the way extra boards and being on call work, railroad crews on an extra board can use this in their favor: if they work right up to the 12-hour mark, a railroad crew wanting overtime and extra money might actually have the conductor mark their timesheet for 11 hours and 59 minutes so that the crew will be eligible for a particular job that's called, say, 9 hours after the crew ties up (where they would be ineligible under a 12-hour tie-up). Personally, I value my sleep, so I always voted for a 12-hour tie-up, and even when we did an 11:59 tie-up, I was actually rarely called right on rest.
Glossary of terms used in the railroad industry that relate to this:
Hours of service: time worked
Tying up: ending the shift
Call time: time your shift starts
Dying, going dead, dying on the law, going dead on the law: reaching a crew's maximum hours of service
Dogcatching: a relief crew going to pick up a train stopped somewhere on the main (or in a siding) because of the crew going dead on the law
Extra board: An on-call list of railroad employees
FRA: Federal Railroad Administration