jis
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Those are by far the most popular sleeping accommodation, AC or non-AC in India. A 20 car train would typically have 16 of those 3-Tier Sleepers, 3 2-Tier Sleepers and one First AC with compartments. The 3 Tier Sleepers are actually roomier than any capsule hotel that I have come across, and way less claustrophobic. In my less financially endowed student days those were the things to travel by.I believe they still have three-high sleepers in places like India. Kind of like a half-open cot version of a capsule.
Europe also had 6 berth Couchettes. I don't know if they still have them with the general downfall of overight trains. I traveled on Eurocities in 6 berth Couchettes in the '90s..