The fundamental premise we have to decide before we think about ownership models is what we want the railroads to be, and understand that we, as a society, have a right to have the railroads be what we need them to be. They were built with massive land grants, charters and subsidies, and have been subsidized directly and indirectly since. The railroads can never be uber profitable like they are unless they only carry a fraction of the most profitable freight and continue practicing the downsizing model. If we want the railroads to carry more freight and passengers, we have to accept a lower level of profit for the public good produced. Public ownership of the railroads may seem enticing, but many national railways have ceased operations in the world, and British Rail was severely downsized in the Beeching cuts. An idea worth of study would be separating the infrastructure from the operating companies with the infrastructure companies open to all comers based on fees that would cover the infrastructure costs and a profit. Railroads could then serve anywhere in the country. Passenger services could as well. Food for thought.